Powerlessness and Anger in African American Women: The Intersection of Race and Gender
A. Antonio González-Prendes, Shirley A. Thomas

Abstract
African American women often face the reality of powerlessness due to the experience of gender and racial oppression that limits, or denies outright, the access to empowering resources such as fair income, education, employment and positions of prestige and power. The article suggests that the clash of powerlessness with internalized historical representations of the “strong black woman” increases the risk of internal distress, frustration, and anger in African American women. The authors review current literature and socio-economic indicators, to discuss historical, social and cognitive aspects of powerlessness and anger in African American women. Practice implications are discussed.

Full Text: PDF