Synergy between Home Environmental Features, Early Language Literacy and Later Reading Achievement: Comparative Study of Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural Ghanaian Children
Stephen Ntim, Mavis Okyere

Abstract
This research underscores the significance of ensuring a level playing field for all children, especially lowincome children. The findings of the paper suggest a synergy between early home environmental features and their central role in children’s learning and behaviour indicating that quality early childhood experiences are highly associated with language and literacy outcomes between and among Ghanaian children. This notwithstanding, these rich early experiences from home environment elude many children in Ghana. For example, paucity of availability of books in the homes, limited time in literacy-related play from parents, lack of quality linguistic input to enhance children’s vocabulary are lacking for most children from rural and semi-urban backgrounds leading to poor literacy skills compared to children from urban centres.

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