Trauma exposure is common in U.S. adults, but veterans face elevated risks for both trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Student veterans—veterans enrolled in postsecondary institutions—may be particularly vulnerable, facing challenges beyond those of civilian students and non-student veterans. This study examined demographic and trauma-related predictors of probable PTSD in a national sample of student veterans (N = 691). Participants completed validated measures of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms. Results showed that 71.2% screened positive for probable PTSD—substantially higher than rates found in other groups. Key predictors of PTSD severity included older age, service-connected disability, interpersonal trauma, non-interpersonal trauma, and military sexual assault. These results underscore the need for targeted research and support for this underexamined population. Future studies should also explore cultural, economic, and identity-related factors that may further shape PTSD risk in student veterans.